ubase

suckless linux base utils
git clone git://git.2f30.org/ubase
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commit 544779a7b87dd38c9a1012614e22df987bf64f82
parent 6253da55c13be52a7f6cf2f038a051b397ca208f
Author: Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo@codemadness.org>
Date:   Mon,  2 Feb 2015 18:34:26 +0100

doc: convert man pages to mandoc, fix some typos in the process

Diffstat:
Mchvt.1 | 22++++++++++++++--------
Mclear.1 | 14+++++++++++---
Mctrlaltdel.8 | 49++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mdd.1 | 104++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------
Mdf.1 | 40++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
Mdmesg.1 | 44+++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Meject.1 | 28+++++++++++++++++-----------
Mfallocate.1 | 45++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mfree.1 | 42+++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mfreeramdisk.8 | 22++++++++++++++--------
Mfsfreeze.8 | 55++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
Mgetty.8 | 34+++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
Mhalt.8 | 29+++++++++++++++++------------
Mhwclock.8 | 50++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
Mid.1 | 39+++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
Minsmod.8 | 29+++++++++++++++++++----------
Mkillall5.8 | 49+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
Mlastlog.8 | 29++++++++++++++++++-----------
Mlogin.1 | 38++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
Mlsmod.8 | 19+++++++++++++------
Mlsusb.8 | 20++++++++++++++------
Mmesg.1 | 42+++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
Mmknod.1 | 54++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
Mmkswap.8 | 31+++++++++++++++++++------------
Mmount.8 | 74+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------
Mmountpoint.1 | 50++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
Mpagesize.1 | 21+++++++++++++--------
Mpasswd.1 | 26+++++++++++++++-----------
Mpidof.1 | 37++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
Mpivot_root.8 | 25+++++++++++++++++--------
Mps.1 | 41++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mreadahead.8 | 26+++++++++++++++-----------
Mrespawn.1 | 49++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
Mrmmod.8 | 49++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mstat.1 | 34++++++++++++++++++++++------------
Msu.1 | 54+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
Mswaplabel.8 | 27+++++++++++++++++----------
Mswapoff.8 | 26++++++++++++++++----------
Mswapon.8 | 39++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
Mswitch_root.8 | 46+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
Msysctl.8 | 37++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
Mtruncate.1 | 55++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mumount.8 | 66++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
Munshare.1 | 87++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------
Muptime.1 | 28++++++++++++++++------------
Mvtallow.1 | 5++---
Mwatch.1 | 44++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
Mwho.1 | 45++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
48 files changed, 1168 insertions(+), 751 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chvt.1 b/chvt.1 @@ -1,8 +1,14 @@ -.TH CHVT 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBchvt\fR - Change foreground virtual terminal -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBchvt\fI N -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBchvt\fR brings /dev/ttyN to the foreground. This has the -same effect as Ctrl-Alt-FN. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt CHVT 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm chvt +.Nd change foreground virtual terminal +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Ar N +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +brings +.Pf /dev/tty Ar N +to the foreground. This has the same effect as Ctrl-Alt-FN. diff --git a/clear.1 b/clear.1 @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -.TH CLEAR 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBclear\fR - Clear the screen +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt CLEAR 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm clear +.Nd clear the screen +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +clears the screen diff --git a/ctrlaltdel.8 b/ctrlaltdel.8 @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -.TH CTRLALTDEL 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBctrlaltdel\fR - Set the function of Ctrl-Alt-Del combination -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBctrlaltdel\fR [\fB-hs\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -Based on examination of the linux/kernel/sys.c code, it is clear that -there are two supported functions that the Ctrl-Alt-Del sequence can -perform: a hard reset, which immediately reboots the computer without -calling sync(2) and without any other preparation; and a soft reset, -which sends the SIGINT (interrupt) signal to the init process (this is -always the process with PID 1). If this option is used, the init(8) +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt CTRLALTDEL 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm ctrlaltdel +.Nd set the function of Ctrl-Alt-Del combination +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl hs +.Sh DESCRIPTION +Based on examination of the +.Pa linux/kernel/sys.c +code, it is clear that there +are two supported functions that the Ctrl-Alt-Del sequence can perform: a +hard reset, which immediately reboots the computer without calling +.Xr sync 2 +and without any other preparation; and a soft reset, which sends the +SIGINT (interrupt) signal to the init process (this is always the process +with PID 1). If this option is used, the +.Xr init 8 program must support this feature. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-h\fR -Perform a hard reset -.TP -\fB-s\fR -Perform a soft reset +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl h +Perform a hard reset. +.It Fl s +Perform a soft reset. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr sync 2 , +.Xr init 8 diff --git a/dd.1 b/dd.1 @@ -1,45 +1,63 @@ -.TH DD 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBdd\fR - Copy a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBdd\fR [\fIoperand...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBdd\fR copies the standard input to the standard output. By default input -data is read and written in 64kB blocks. When finished, \fBdd\fR displays the -number of records read and written as well as the total number of bytes copied. -\fBdd\fR syncs the filesystem once it is done copying. If you want -to disable that use the \fInosync\fR option. -.SH OPERANDS -.TP -if=\fIfile\fR -Read input from \fIfile\fR instead of the standard input. -.TP -of=\fIfile\fR -Write output to \fIfile\fR instead of the standard output. If an initial -portion of the output \fIfile\fR is skipped using the seek operand, the output -file is truncated at that point. -.TP -bs[=\fIN\fR] -If bs is not specified, the default blocksize is 64kB. If bs is specified -without setting it to a specific value then an optimal value between the source -and target filesystem will be selected. If this process fails it will fallback -to the system's pagesize. Adjust \fIN\fR to set the block size of the transfers -in bytes. -.TP -seek=\fIN\fR -Seek \fIN\fR blocks from the beginning of the output before copying. -.TP -skip=\fIN\fR -Skip \fIN\fR blocks from the beginning of the input before copying. -.TP -count=\fIN\fR -Copy only \fIN\fR input blocks. -.TP -direct +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt DD 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm dd +.Nd convert and copy a file +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Ar operand... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +copies the standard input to the standard output. By default input data is +read and written in 64kB blocks. When finished, +.Nm +displays the number of records read and written as well as the total number +of bytes copied. +.Nm +syncs the filesystem once it is done copying. If you want to disable that use +the +.Ar nosync +option. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Ar bs Op Ar [=N] +If +.Ar bs +is not specified, the default blocksize is 64kB. If +.Ar bs +is specified +without setting it to a specific value then an optimal value between the +source and target filesystem will be selected. If this process fails it will +fallback to the system's pagesize. Adjust +.Ar N +to set the block size of the transfers in bytes. +.It Ar count=N +Copy only +.Ar N +input blocks. +.It Ar direct Use direct I/O for data. -.TP -quiet -Enable quiet output. -.TP -nosync +.It Ar if=file +Read input from +.Ar file +instead of the standard input. +.It Ar nosync Do not sync the filesystem once we are done copying. +.It Ar quiet +Enable quiet output. +.It Ar of=file +Write output to +.Ar file +instead of the standard output. If an initial portion of the output +.Ar file +is skipped using the seek operand, the output file is truncated at that +point. +.It Ar seek=N +Seek +.Ar N +blocks from the beginning of the output before copying. +.It Ar skip=N +Skip +.Ar N blocks from the beginning of the input before copying. +.El diff --git a/df.1 b/df.1 @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -.TH DF 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBdf\fR - Show file system usage -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBdf\fR [\fB-ahsi\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBdf\fR displays the amount of disk space available on a file system. -If no arguments are given, df shows all the file systems using 512-byte -blocks. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-a\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt DF 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm df +.Nd show file system usage +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl ahis +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +displays the amount of disk space available on a file system. +If no arguments are given, +.Nm +shows all the file systems using 512-byte blocks. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl a Show all file systems including dummy ones. This is the default option. -.TP -\fB-h\fR +.It Fl h Not implemented. -.TP -\fB-s\fR +.It Fl i Not implemented. -.TP -\fB-i\fR +.It Fl s Not implemented. +.El diff --git a/dmesg.1 b/dmesg.1 @@ -1,22 +1,28 @@ -.TH DMESG 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBdmesg\fR - Print or control the kernel ring buffer -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBdmesg\fR [\fB-Ccr\fR] [\fB-n\fR \fIlevel\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBdmesg\fR examines or controls the kernel ring buffer. By default -it reads all the messages from the kernel ring buffer and prints them -on stdout. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-C\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt DMESG 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm dmesg +.Nd print or control the kernel ring buffer +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl Ccr +.Op Fl n Ar level +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +examines or controls the kernel ring buffer. By default it reads all the +messages from the kernel ring buffer and prints them to stdout. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl C Clear the ring buffer. -.TP -\fB-c\fR +.It Fl c Clear the ring buffer after printing its contents. -.TP -\fB-n\fR -Set the console \fIlevel\fR. -.TP -\fB-r\fR +.It Fl n Ar level +Set the console +.Ar level . +The log levels are defined in the file +.Pa include/linux/kern_levels.h . +.It Fl r Print the raw message buffer. +.El diff --git a/eject.1 b/eject.1 @@ -1,12 +1,18 @@ -.TH EJECT 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBeject\fR - Eject removable media -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBeject\fR [\fB-t\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBeject\fR allows the CD-ROM tray to be opened or closed under software -control. If no arguments are given, the CD-ROM tray is opened. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-t\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt EJECT 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm eject +.Nd eject removable media +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl t +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +allows the CD-ROM tray to be opened or closed under software +control. If no arguments are given, the CD-ROM tray is opened. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl t If supported, close the CD-ROM tray. +.El diff --git a/fallocate.1 b/fallocate.1 @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -.TH FALLOCATE 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBfallocate\fR - Preallocate blocks to a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBfallocate\fR [\fB-o\fI offset\fR] \fB-l\fR \fIlength file\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBfallocate\fR preallocates blocks to a file. Only certain filesystems -support the fallocate system call. This is a very fast operation to allocate -uninitialized blocks in a file without doing any IO. -As of the Linux kernel v2.6.31, the fallocate system call is supported -by the btrfs, ext4, ocfs2, and xfs filesystems. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-o\fR -Specifies the beginning offset of the allocation, in bytes. -.TP -\fB-l\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt FALLOCATE 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm fallocate +.Nd preallocate blocks to a file +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl o Ar offset +.Fl l Ar length Ar file +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +preallocates blocks to a file. Only certain filesystems support the +.Xr fallocate 2 +system call. This is a very fast operation to allocate uninitialized blocks +in a file without doing any IO. As of the Linux kernel v2.6.31, the +.Xr fallocate 2 +system call is supported by the btrfs, ext4, ocfs2, and xfs filesystems. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl l Ar length Specifies the length of the allocation, in bytes. -.SH SEE ALSO -fallocate(2) +.It Fl o +Specifies the beginning offset of the allocation, in bytes. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr fallocate 2 diff --git a/free.1 b/free.1 @@ -1,21 +1,24 @@ -.TH FREE 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBfree\fR - Display amount of free and used memory in the system -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBfree\fR [\fB-bkmg\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBfree\fR displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap -memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-b\fR -Display the amount of memory in bytes. This is the default. -.TP -\fB-k\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt FREE 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm free +.Nd display amount of free and used memory in the system +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl bgkm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the +system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl b +Display the amount of memory in bytes. This is the default. +.It Fl g +Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. +.It Fl k Display the amount of memory in kilobytes. -.TP -\fB-m\fR +.It Fl m Display the amount of memory in megabytes. -.TP -\fB-g\fR -Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. +.El +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/freeramdisk.8 b/freeramdisk.8 @@ -1,8 +1,13 @@ -.TH FREERAMDISK 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBfreeramdisk\fR - Free memory used by the loadlin ramdisk -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBfreeramdisk\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBfreeramdisk\fR frees the memory that is used by the ramdisk. -It uses the \fI/dev/ram\fR device node. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt FREERAMDISK 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm freeramdisk +.Nd free memory used by the loadlin ramdisk +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +frees the memory that is used by the ramdisk. It uses the +.Pa /dev/ram +device node. +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fsfreeze.8 b/fsfreeze.8 @@ -1,24 +1,33 @@ -.TH FSFREEZE 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBfsfreeze\fR - Suspend access to a filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBfsfreeze\fR [\fB-f\fR] [\fB-u\fR] \fImountpoint\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBfsfreeze\fR suspends and resumes access to a filesystem. -\fBfsfreeze\fR is intended to be used with hardware RAID -devices that support the creation of snapshots. -The \fImountpoint\fR argument is the pathname of the directory -where the filesystem is mounted. The filesystem must be mounted -to be frozen. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-f\fR -Freeze the filesystem mounted at \fImountpoint\fR. -.TP -\fB-u\fR -Unfreeze the filesystem mounted at \fImountpoint\fR. -.SH BUGS -.TP +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt FSFREEZE 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm fsfreeze +.Nd suspend access to a filesystem +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl f | Fl u +.Ar mountpoint +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +suspends and resumes access to a filesystem. +.Nm +is intended to be used with hardware RAID devices that support the creation +of snapshots. +The +.Ar mountpoint +argument is the pathname of the directory where the filesystem is mounted. +The filesystem must be mounted to be frozen. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl f +Freeze the filesystem mounted at +.Ar mountpoint . +.It Fl u +Unfreeze the filesystem mounted at +.Ar mountpoint . +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr mount 8 +.Sh BUGS Only works for ext3/4, reiserfs, jfs and xfs. -.SH SEE ALSO -mount(8) diff --git a/getty.8 b/getty.8 @@ -1,11 +1,22 @@ -.TH GETTY 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBgetty\fR - Suckless linux getty -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBgetty\fR [\fItty\fR] [\fIterm\fR] [\fIcmd\fR] [\fIargs...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBgetty\fR opens a tty device, prompts for a login name and by default -invokes the /bin/login program. You can start another program instead of -/bin/login via \fIcmd\fR with \fIargs\fR. The hostname is printed in the -login name prompt as well. The \fItty\fR should be specified using an -absolute path. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt GETTY 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm getty +.Nd suckless linux getty +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Ar tty Op Ar term Op Ar cmd Op Ar args... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +opens a tty device, prompts for a login name and by default +invokes the /bin/login program. You can start another program instead of +/bin/login via +.Ar cmd +with +.Ar args . +The hostname is printed in the login name prompt as well. The +.Ar tty +should be specified using an absolute path. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr login 1 +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/halt.8 b/halt.8 @@ -1,16 +1,21 @@ -.TH HALT 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBhalt\fR - Power-off or reboot the machine -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBhalt\fR [\fB-pr\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBhalt\fR can be used to power-off or reboot the machine. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt HALT 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm halt +.Nd power-off or reboot the machine +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl pr +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +can be used to power-off or reboot the machine. This is a low-level tool and should not be used directly or data-loss can happen if the filesystems are not properly unmounted first. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-p\fR +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl p Power-off the machine. -.TP -\fB-r\fR +.It Fl r Reboot the machine. +.El diff --git a/hwclock.8 b/hwclock.8 @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -.TH HWCLOCK 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBhwclock\fR - Query or set the hardware clock -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBhwclock\fR [\fB-rsw\fR] [\fB-u\fR] [\fIdev\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBhwclock\fR is a tool for accessing the hardware clock. You can display -the current time, set the hardware clock from the System Time, or -set the System Time from the hardware clock. It currently only works with UTC. -You can use \fIdev\fR to specify the RTC device node absolute path. By default -it will use \fI/dev/rtc\fR. -.SH FUNCTIONS -.TP -\fB-r\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt HWCLOCK 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm hwclock +.Nd query or set the hardware clock +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl r | Fl s | Fl w +.Op Fl u +.Op Ar dev +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +is a tool for accessing the hardware clock. You can display the current time, +set the hardware clock from the System Time, or set the System Time from the +hardware clock. It currently only works with UTC. You can use +.Ar dev +to specify the RTC device node absolute path. By default +it will use +.Pa /dev/rtc . +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl r Read the hardware clock and print the time on stdout. -.TP -\fB-s\fR +.It Fl s Set the system time from the hardware clock. -.TP -\fB-w\fR +.It Fl u +Use UTC. This is the default option. +.It Fl w Set the hardware clock to the system time. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-u\fR -Use UTC. This is the default and only option. +.El diff --git a/id.1 b/id.1 @@ -1,21 +1,28 @@ -.TH ID 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBid\fR - Print real and effective user and group IDs -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBid\fR [\fB-g\fR] [\fB-u\fR] [\fB-G\fR] \fR[\fIuser\fR|\fIuid\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBid\fR prints user and group information of the calling process to standard output. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt ID 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm id +.Nd print real and effective user and group IDs +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl g +.Op Fl u +.Op Fl G +.Op Ar user | uid +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +prints user and group information of the calling process to standard output. If a login name or uid is specified, the user and group information of that user is displayed. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-g\fR +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl g Print only the effective group ID. -.TP -\fB-u\fR +.It Fl u Print only the effective user ID. -.TP -\fB-G\fR +.It Fl G Display group information as whitespace separated numbers, in no particular order. -.SH SEE ALSO -who(1) +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr who 1 diff --git a/insmod.8 b/insmod.8 @@ -1,10 +1,18 @@ -.TH INSMOD 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBinsmod\fR - Insert a module into the Linux kernel -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBinsmod\fR \fIfilename\fR [\fIargs...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBinsmod\fR inserts the module specified by \fIfilename\fR -into the kernel. It does not handle module dependencies. -.SH SEE ALSO -rmmod(8), lsmod(8) +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt INSMOD 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm insmod +.Nd insert a module into the Linux kernel +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Ar filename +.Op Ar args... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +inserts the module specified by +.Ar filename +into the kernel. It does not handle module dependencies. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr lsmod 8 , +.Xr rmmod 8 +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/killall5.8 b/killall5.8 @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -.TH KILLALL5 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBkillall\fR - Send a signal to all processes -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBkillall5\fR [\fB-o\fI pid1,pid2,...,pidN\fR] [\fB-s\fI signal\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBkillall5\fR is an implementation of the SystemV killall command. -It sends a signal to all processes except kernel threads and the processes -in its own session. It is primarily used by the system's init scripts. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-o\fR -Tell killall5 to omit processes with that process id. -.TP -\fB-s\fR -Send \fIsignal\fR instead of the default SIGTERM. -.SH SEE ALSO -halt(8), reboot(8) +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt KILLALL5 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm killall5 +.Nd send a signal to all processes +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl o Ar pid1,pid2,...,pidN +.Op Fl s Ar signal +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +is an implementation of the SystemV +.Xr killall 8 +command. It sends a signal to all processes except kernel threads and the +processes in its own session. It is primarily used by the system's init +scripts. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl o +Tell +.Nm +to omit processes with that process id. +.It Fl s Ar signal +Send +.Ar signal +instead of the default SIGTERM. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr halt 8 , +.Xr reboot 8 diff --git a/lastlog.8 b/lastlog.8 @@ -1,11 +1,18 @@ -.TH LASTLOG 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBlastlog\fR - Show last login of users -.SH SYPNOSIS -\fBlastlog\fI [user ...] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBlastlog\fR Show time, tty, and host (if it was a remote -connection) of last login of users. If some user names are passed -as parameter then information about last login of these users is -shown, otherwise is shown for all the users in /etc/passwd in the -order they appear in it. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt LASTLOG 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm lastlog +.Nd show last login of users +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Ar user... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +shows the time, tty and host (if it was a remote connection) of the last +login of the users. If one or more +.Ar user +names are passed as a parameter then information about the last login of these +users are shown, otherwise the users in +.Pa /etc/passwd +will be used and shown in order of appearance. diff --git a/login.1 b/login.1 @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -.TH LOGIN 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBlogin\fR - Log into the system -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBlogin\fR [\fB-p\fR] \fIusername\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBlogin\fR logs the \fIusername\fR into the system. It sets \fBHOME\fR, -\fBSHELL\fR, \fBUSER\fR, \fBLOGNAME\fR and the \fBPATH\fR environment -variables and invokes the login shell as specified in \fI/etc/passwd\fR. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-p\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt LOGIN 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm login +.Nd log into the system +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl p +.Ar username +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +logs the +.Ar username +into the system. It sets +.Ev HOME , +.Ev SHELL , +.Ev USER , +.Ev LOGNAME +and the +.Ev PATH environment variables and invokes the login shell as specified in +.Pa /etc/passwd . +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl p Preserve the environment. +.El diff --git a/lsmod.8 b/lsmod.8 @@ -1,6 +1,13 @@ -.TH lsmod 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBlsmod\fR - List loaded kernel modules -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBlsmod\fR parses `/proc/modules' and shows the loadable kernel modules that are -currently loaded. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt LSMOD 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm lsmod +.Nd list loaded kernel modules +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +parses +.Pa /proc/modules +and shows the loadable kernel modules that are currently loaded. diff --git a/lsusb.8 b/lsusb.8 @@ -1,6 +1,13 @@ -.TH LSUSB 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBlsusb\fR - List USB devices -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBlsusb\fR searches in `/sys/bus/usb/devices' for usb buses and connected devices and prints -them one by one. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt LSUSB 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm lsusb +.Nd list USB devices +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +searches in +.Pa /sys/bus/usb/devices +for USB's and connected devices and prints them one by one. +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mesg.1 b/mesg.1 @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -.TH MESG 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBmesg\fR - Display (do not display) messages from other users -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBmesg\fR [\fBn\fR|\fBy\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBmesg\fR controls write access others have to the terminal device associated -with standard error output. If write access is allowed, then programs such as \fBtalk\fR(1) -and \fBwrite\fR(1) may display messages on the terminal. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fBn\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt MESG 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm mesg +.Nd display (do not display) messages from other users +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl n | Fl y +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +controls write access others have to the terminal device associated with +standard error output. If write access is allowed, then programs such as +.Xr talk 1 +and +.Xr write 1 +may display messages on the terminal. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl n Disallow messages. -.TP -\fBy\fR +.It Fl y Allow messages. -.SH SEE ALSO -.TP -write(1) +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr talk 1 , +.Xr write 1 diff --git a/mknod.1 b/mknod.1 @@ -1,23 +1,37 @@ -.TH MKNOD 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBmknod\fR - Create a special device file -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBmknod\fR [\fB-m \fImode\fR] \fIname type major minor -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBmknod\fR reates a special device file named \fIname\fR -with major number \fImajor\fR, and minor number \fIminor\fR. -\fItype\fR specifies what kind of special file will be created -and must be one of: -.TP -\fBu|c\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt MKNOD 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm mknod +.Nd create a special device file +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl m Ar mode +.Ar name +.Ar type +.Ar major +.Ar minor +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +creates a special device file named +.Ar name +with major number +.Ar major , +and minor number +.Ar minor . +.Ar type +specifies what kind of special file will be created and must be one of: +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Ar u | c A character device. -.TP -\fBb\fR +.It Ar b A block device. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-m\fR +.El +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl m Set the mode of the new file based on the octal value of -\fImode\fR. -.SH SEE ALSO -mknod (2) +.Ar mode . +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr mknod 2 diff --git a/mkswap.8 b/mkswap.8 @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -.TH MKSWAP 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBmkswap\fR - Set up a Linux swap area -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBmkswap\fR \fIdevice\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBmkswap\fR sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file. The -\fIdevice\fR argument will usually be a disk-partition but it can also be a -file. After creating the swap area you will typically need to use the -\fBswapon\fR command to start using it. -.SH SEE ALSO -swapon(8) +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt MKSWAP 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm mkswap +.Nd set up a Linux swap area +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Ar device +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file. The +.Ar device +argument will usually be a disk-partition but it can also be a file. After +creating the swap area you will typically need to use the +.Xr swapon 8 +command to start using it. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr swapon 8 diff --git a/mount.8 b/mount.8 @@ -1,33 +1,45 @@ -.TH MOUNT 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBmount\fR - Mount a filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBmount\fR [\fB-BMRan\fR] [\fB-t\fI fstype\fR] [\fB-o\fI options\fR] [\fIsource\fR] [\fItarget\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBmount\fR attaches the filesystem specified to the filesystem hierarchy. The \fBumount(8)\fR command will detach it again. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-B\fR -Remount a subtree somewhere else (so that its contents are -visible in both places). -.TP -\fB-M\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt MOUNT 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm mount +.Nd mount a filesystem +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl BMRan +.Op Fl o Ar options +.Op Fl t Ar fstype +.Op Ar source +.Op Ar target +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +attaches the filesystem specified to the filesystem hierarchy. The +.Xr umount 8 +command will detach it again. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl B +Remount a subtree somewhere else (so that its contents are visible in both +places). +.It Fl M Move a subtree to some other place. -.TP -\fB-R\fR -Remount a subtree and all possible submounts somewhere else (so -that its contents are available in both places). -.TP -\fB-a\fR -Mount all filesystems mentioned in /etc/fstab. -.TP -\fB-n\fR -Mount without writing in /etc/mtab. This is the default action. -.TP -\fB-t\fR -Set the filesystem type. -.TP -\fB-o\fR +.It Fl R +Remount a subtree and all possible submounts somewhere else (so that its +contents are available in both places). +.It Fl a +Mount all filesystems mentioned in +.Pa /etc/fstab . +.It Fl n +Mount without writing in +.Pa /etc/mtab . +This is the default action. +.It Fl o Ar options Specify a comma separated string of filesystem specific options. -.SH SEE ALSO -mount(2), umount(2), umount(8), swapon(8) +.It Fl t Ar fstype +Set the filesystem type. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr mount 2 , +.Xr umount 2 , +.Xr swapon 8 , +.Xr umount 8 diff --git a/mountpoint.1 b/mountpoint.1 @@ -1,22 +1,32 @@ -.TH MOUNTPOINT 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBmountpoint\fR - Check if a directory is a mountpoint -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBmountpoint\fR [\fB-dq\fR] \fIdirectory\fR -.TP -\fBmountpoint\fR \fB-x\fR \fIdevice\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBmountpoint\fR checks if the \fIdirectory\fR is mentioned in the -/proc/mounts file. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-d\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt MOUNTPOINT 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm mountpoint +.Nd check if a directory is a mountpoint +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl dq +.Ar directory +.Nm +.Fl x Ar device +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +checks if the +.Ar directory +is mentioned in the +.Pa /proc/mounts +file. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl d Print the major/minor device number of the filesystem on stdout. -.TP -\fB-q\fR +.It Fl q Be quiet, don't print anything. -.TP -\fB-x\fR -Print the major/minor device number of the \fIdevice\fR on stdout. -.SH SEE ALSO -mount(8) +.It Fl x +Print the major/minor device number of the +.Ar device +on stdout. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr mount 8 diff --git a/pagesize.1 b/pagesize.1 @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ -.TH PAGESIZE 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBpagesize\fR - Print system page size -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBpagesize\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBpagesize\fR prints the size of a page of memory in bytes. This program is -useful in constructing portable shell scripts. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt PAGESIZE 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm pagesize +.Nd print system page size +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +prints the size of a page of memory in bytes. This program is +useful in constructing portable shell scripts. +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/passwd.1 b/passwd.1 @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -.TH PASSWD 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBpasswd\fR - Change a user's password -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBpasswd\fR [\fIusername\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBpasswd\fR changes the user's password. The user is prompted -for their current password. If the current password is correctly typed, -a new password is requested. The new password must be entered twice to -avoid typing errors. The superuser is not required to provide a user's -current password. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt PASSWD 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm passwd +.Nd change a user's password +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Ar username +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +changes the user's password. The user is prompted for their current password. +If the current password is correctly typed, a new password is requested. The +new password must be entered twice to avoid typing errors. The superuser is +not required to provide a user's current password. diff --git a/pidof.1 b/pidof.1 @@ -1,18 +1,25 @@ -.TH PIDOF 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBpidof\fR - Find the process ID of a running program -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBpidof\fR [\fB-o\fI pid1,pid2,...,pidN\fR] [\fB-s\fR] [\fIprogram...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBpidof\fR finds the process id's of the named programs and prints them on +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt PIDOF 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm pidof +.Nd find the process ID of a running program +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl o Ar pid1,pid2,...pidN +.Op Fl s +.Op Ar program... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +finds the process id's of the named programs and prints them to stdout. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-o\fR -Tell pidof to omit processes with that process id. The special pid +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl o +Tell pidof to omit processes with that process id. The special pid %PPID can be used to name the parent process of the pidof program. -.TP -\fB-s\fR +.It Fl s Single shot - this instructs the program to only return one process id. -.SH SEE ALSO -killall5(8) +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr killall5 8 diff --git a/pivot_root.8 b/pivot_root.8 @@ -1,8 +1,17 @@ -.TH PIVOT_ROOT 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBpivot_root\fR - change the root filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBpivot_root\fI new_root put_old\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBpivot_root\fR moves the root file system of the current process to the -directory \fIput_old\fR and makes \fInew_root\fR the new root file system. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt PIVOT_ROOT 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm pivot_root +.Nd change the root filesystem +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Ar newroot putold +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +moves the root file system of the current process to the +directory +.Ar put_old +and makes +.Ar new_root +the new root file system. diff --git a/ps.1 b/ps.1 @@ -1,26 +1,29 @@ -.TH PS 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBps\fR - Display process status -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBps\fR [\fB-aAdef\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBps\fR displays information about active processes. When given no options, -\fBps\fR prints information about processes of the current user that has a +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt PS 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm ps +.Nd display process status +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl aAdef +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +displays information about active processes. When given no options, +.Nm +prints information about processes of the current user that has a controlling terminal. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-a\fR +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl a Select all processes except both session leaders and processes not associated with a terminal. -.TP -\fB-A\fR +.It Fl A Select all processes. Identical to \fB-e\fR. -.TP -\fB-d\fR +.It Fl d Select all processes except session leaders. -.TP -\fB-e\fR +.It Fl e Select all processes. Identical to \fB-A\fR. -.TP -\fB-f\fR +.It Fl f Do full-format listing. +.El diff --git a/readahead.8 b/readahead.8 @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -.TH READAHEAD 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBreadahead\fR - Preload files into disk cache -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBreadahead\fR \fIfile...\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBreadahead\fR preloads files into the kernel's disk cache. The -number of pages preloaded depends on the kernel but it is usually around -2MB. -.SH SEE ALSO -readahead(2) +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt READAHEAD 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm preload +.Nd preload files into disk cache +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Ar file... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +preloads files into the kernel's disk cache. The number of pages preloaded +depends on the kernel but it is usually around 2MB. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr readahead 2 diff --git a/respawn.1 b/respawn.1 @@ -1,18 +1,32 @@ -.TH RESPAWN 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBrespawn\fR - Spawn the given command repeatedly -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBrespawn\fR [\fB-l\fI fifo\fR] [\fB-d\fI N\fR] \fIcmd\fR [\fIargs...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBrespawn\fR spawns the given \fIcmd\fR in a new session -repeatedly. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-d\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt RESPAWN 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm respawn +.Nd spawn the given command repeatedly +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl l Ar fifo +.Op Fl d Ar N +.Ar cmd Op Ar args... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +spawns the given +.Ar cmd +in a new session repeatedly. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl d Set the delay between invocations of \fIcmd\fR. It defaults to 0. -.TP -\fB-l\fR -Listen on the specified \fIfifo\fR for writes. For each write -spawn a new instance of \fIcmd\fR. This can be used in conjunction -with a process supervisor to restart a particular program. The \fB-l\fR -and \fB-d\fR options are incompatible. All writes are discarded. +.It Fl l +Listen on the specified +.Ar fifo +for writes. For each write spawn a new instance of +.Ar cmd . +This can be used in conjunction with a process supervisor to restart a +particular program. The +.Fl l +and +.Fl d +options are incompatible. All writes are discarded. +.El +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rmmod.8 b/rmmod.8 @@ -1,23 +1,33 @@ -.TH RMMOD 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBrmmod\fR - Remove a module from the Linux kernel -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBrmmod\fR [\fB-fw\fR] \fImodule...\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBrmmod\fR removes one or more modules from the kernel. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-f\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt RMMOD 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm rmmod +.Nd remove a module from the Linux kernel +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl fw +.Ar module... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +removes one or more modules from the kernel. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl f This option can be extremely dangerous: it has no effect unless CONFIG_MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD was set when the kernel was compiled. With this option, you can remove modules which are being used, or which are not designed to be removed, or have been marked as unsafe. -.TP -\fB-w\fR -Normally, \fBrmmod\fR will refuse to unload modules which are in -use. With this option, \fBrmmod\fR will isolate the module, and -wait until the module is no longer used. Noone new will be -able to use the module, but s up to you to make sure the -current users eventually finish with it. -.SH SEE ALSO -insmod(8), lsmod(8) +.It Fl w +Normally, +.Nm +will refuse to unload modules which are in +use. With this option, +.Nm +will isolate the module, and wait until the module is no longer used. Noone +new will be able to use the module, but it's up to you to make sure the +current users eventually finish with it. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr insmod 8 , +.Xr lsmod 8 +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/stat.1 b/stat.1 @@ -1,14 +1,24 @@ -.TH STAT 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBstat\fR - Display file status -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBstat\fR [\fB-L\fR] [\fIfile...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBstat\fR displays information about the given files or stdin if no files +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt STAT 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm stat +.Nd display file status +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl L +.Op Ar file... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +displays information about the given +.Ar files +or stdin if no +.Ar files are specified. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-L\fR +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl L Follow links. -.SH SEE ALSO -stat (2) +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr stat 2 diff --git a/su.1 b/su.1 @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -.TH SU 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBsu\fR - Run a command with a substitute user and group ID -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBsu\fR [\fB-lp\fR] [\fIusername\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBsu\fR allows to run commands with a substitute user and group ID. -When called without arguments, su defaults to running an interactive shell -as root. For backward compatibility su defaults to not change the current -directory and to only set the environment variables \fBHOME\fR and \fBSHELL\fR -(plus \fBUSER\fR and \fBLOGNAME\fR if the target \fIusername\fR is not root). -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-l\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt SU 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm su +.Nd run a command with a substitute user and group ID +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl lp +.Op Ar username +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +allows to run commands with a substitute user and group ID. When called +without arguments, +.Nm +defaults to running an interactive shell as root. For backward compatibility +.Nm +defaults to not change the current directory and to only set the environment +variables +.Ev HOME +and +.Ev SHELL +(plus +.Ev USER +and +.Ev LOGNAME +if the target +.Ar username +is not root). +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl l Starts the shell as login shell with an environment similar to a real login. -.TP -\fB-p\fR -Preserves the whole environment. This option is ignored if the \fB-l\fR +.It Fl p +Preserves the whole environment. This option is ignored if the +.Fl l option is specified. +.El +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/swaplabel.8 b/swaplabel.8 @@ -1,11 +1,18 @@ -.TH SWAPLABEL 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBswaplabel\fR - set the label of a swap filesystem -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBswaplabel\fR [\fB-L\fI label\fR] \fIdevice\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBswaplabel\fR is used to change the label of a swap device or file. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-L\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt SWAPLABEL 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm swaplabel +.Nd set the label of a swap filesystem +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl L Ar label +.Ar device +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +is used to change the label of a swap device or file. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl L Ar label Change the label. +.El diff --git a/swapoff.8 b/swapoff.8 @@ -1,11 +1,17 @@ -.TH SWAPOFF 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBswapoff\fR - disable devices and files for paging and swapping -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBswapoff\fR [\fB-a\fI device\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBswapoff\fR disables swapping on the specified devices and files. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-a\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt SWAPOFF 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm swapoff +.Nd disable devices and files for paging and swapping +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Fl a | Ar device +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +disables swapping on the specified devices and files. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl a Disable swapping on all known swap devices and files as found in /etc/fstab. +.El diff --git a/swapon.8 b/swapon.8 @@ -1,19 +1,24 @@ -.TH SWAPON 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBswapon\fR - enable devices and files for paging and swapping -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBswapon\fR [\fB-dp\fR] [\fB-a\fI device\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBswapon\fR is used to specify devices on which paging and -swapping are to take place. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-d\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt SWAPON 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm swapon +.Nd enable devices and files for paging and swapping +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl dp +.Fl a | Ar device +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +is used to specify devices on which paging and swapping are to take place. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl a +Make all devices marked as ``swap'' in +.Pa /etc/fstab +available, except for those with the ``noauto'' option. +.It Fl d Discard freed swap pages before they are reused. -.TP -\fB-p\fR +.It Fl p Set higher priority than the default to the new swap area. -.TP -\fB-a\fR -Make all devices marked as ``swap'' in /etc/fstab are made -available, except for those with the ``noauto'' option. +.El diff --git a/switch_root.8 b/switch_root.8 @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -.TH SWITCH_ROOT 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBswitch_root\fR - Switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBswitch_root\fR [\fB-c \fIconsole\fR] \fInewroot init -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBswitch_root\fR removes all files and directories on the current root filesystem and overmounts it with \fInewroot\fR. -If a \fIconsole\fR is specified, redirect stdio and stderr to it. -After the switch, execute \fIinit\fR. -.TP -\fBswitch_root\fR can only be run as PID 1 in an initramfs or tmpfs with a regular and executable /init. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-c\fR -Redirect stdio and stderr to \fIconsole\fR after switching to \fInewroot\fR. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt SWITCH_ROOT 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm switch_root +.Nd switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl c Ar console +.Ar newroot init +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +removes all files and directories on the current root filesystem and +overmounts it with +.Ar newroot . +If a +.Ar console +is specified, redirect stdio and stderr to it. After the switch, execute +.Ar init . +.Pp +.Nm +can only be run as PID 1 in an initramfs or tmpfs with a regular and +executable /sbin/init. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl c +Redirect stdio and stderr to +.Ar console +after switching to +.Ar newroot . +.El diff --git a/sysctl.8 b/sysctl.8 @@ -1,13 +1,24 @@ -.TH SYSCTL 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBsysctl\fR - Configure kernel parameters at runtime -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBsysctl\fR [\fB-p\fR \fIfile\fR] \fIvariable\fR[=\fIvalue\fR]... -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBsysctl\fR modifies kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available -are those listed under \fI/proc/sys/\fR. Procfs is required for sysctl support -in Linux. You can use \fBsysctl\fR to both read and write sysctl data. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-p\fR -Load the sysctl key:value pairs from \fIfile\fR. +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt SYSCTL 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm sysctl +.Nd configure kernel parameters at runtime +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl p Ar file +.Ar variable Ns Oo Ar =value Oc Ns ... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +modifies kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available are those +listed under +.Pa /proc/sys/ . +Procfs is required for sysctl support in Linux. You can use +.Nm +to both read and write sysctl data. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl p +Load the sysctl key=value pairs from +.Ar file . +.El diff --git a/truncate.1 b/truncate.1 @@ -1,20 +1,36 @@ -.TH TRUNCATE 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBtruncate\fR - Shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBtruncate\fR [\fB-c\fR] \fB-s\fI size file...\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBtruncate\fR shrinks or extends the size of each \fIfile\fR to the -specified size. A \fIfile\fR argument that does not exist is created. -If a \fIfile\fR is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost. -If a \fIfile\fR is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole) reads -as zero bytes. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-c\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt TRUNCATE 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm truncate +.Nd shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl c +.Fl s Ar size +.Ar file... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +shrinks or extends the size of each +.Ar file +specified size. A +.Ar file +argument that does not exist is created. If a +.Ar file +is larger than the specified +.Ar size , +the extra data is lost. If a +.Ar file +is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole) reads as zero bytes. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl c Do not create any files. -.TP -\fB-s\fR -Set or adjust the file size by \fIsize\fR bytes. -.SH SEE ALSO -truncate(2), ftruncate(2) +.It Fl s Ar size +Set or adjust the file size by +.Ar size +bytes. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr ftruncate 2 , +.Xr truncate 2 +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/umount.8 b/umount.8 @@ -1,30 +1,40 @@ -.TH UMOUNT 8 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBumount\fR - Unmount file systems -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBumount\fR [\fB-lfn\fR] \fItarget...\fR -.TP -\fBumount\fR \fB-a\fR [\fB-lfn\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBumount\fR detaches the \fItarget\fR filesystem(s). -A file system is specified by giving the directory where it -has been mounted. Giving the special device on which the file system -lives may also work, but is obsolete, mainly because it will fail in +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt UMOUNT 8 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm umount +.Nd unmount file systems +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl fln +.Ar target... +.Nm +.Op Fl fln +.Fl a +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +detaches the +.Ar target +filesystem(s). A file system is specified by giving the directory where it +has been mounted. Giving the special device on which the file system +lives may also work, but is obsolete, mainly because it will fail in case this device was mounted on more than one directory. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-l\fR -Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the fs hierarchy now, and cleanup -all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. -.TP -\fB-f\fR +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl a +All of the file systems described in +.Pa /proc/mounts +are unmounted. The proc filesystem is not unmounted. +.It Fl f Force unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS server). -.TP -\fB-n\fR -Unmount without writing in /etc/mtab. This is the default action. -.TP -\fB-a\fR -All of the file systems described in /proc/mounts are unmounted. The -proc filesystem is not unmounted. -.SH SEE ALSO -umount(2), mount(8) +.It Fl l +Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the fs hierarchy now, and cleanup +all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. +.It Fl n +Unmount without writing in +.Pa /etc/mtab . +This is the default action. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr umount 2 , +.Xr mount 8 diff --git a/unshare.1 b/unshare.1 @@ -1,43 +1,58 @@ -.TH UNSHARE 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBunshare\fR - run program with some namespaces unshared from parent -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBunshare\fR [\fB-muinpU\fR] cmd [\fIargs...\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBunshare\fR -Unshares the indicated namespaces from the parent process -and then executes the specified program. The namespaces to be unshared are -indicated via options. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-m\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt UNSHARE 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm unshare +.Nd run program with some namespaces unshared from parent +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl muinpU +.Ar cmd +.Op Ar args... +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +unshares the indicated namespaces from the parent process and then executes +the specified program. The namespaces to be unshared are indicated via +options. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl i +Unshare the System V IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a +private copy of the System V IPC namespace which is not shared with +any other process. This flag has the same effect as the +.Xr clone 2 +.Dv CLONE_NEWIPC +flag. +.It Fl m Unshare the mount namespace, so that the calling process has a private copy of its namespace which is not shared with any other process. -This flag has the same effect as the \fBclone(2) CLONE_NEWNS\fR flag. -.TP -\fB-u\fR -Unshare the UTS IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a -private copy of the UTS namespace which is not shared with any other -process. This flag has the same effect as the \fBclone(2) CLONE_NEWUTS\fR +This flag has the same effect as the +.Xr clone 2 +.Dv CLONE_NEWNS flag. -.TP -\fB-i\fR -Unshare the System V IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a -private copy of the System V IPC namespace which is not shared with -any other process. This flag has the same effect as the \fBclone(2) -CLONE_NEWIPC\fR flag -.TP -\fB-n\fR +.It Fl n Unshare the network namespace, so that the calling process is moved into a new network namespace which is not shared with any previously -existing process. This flag has the same effect as the \fBclone(2) -CLONE_NEWNET\fR flag. -.TP -\fB-p\fR +existing process. This flag has the same effect as the +.Xr clone 2 +.Dv CLONE_NEWNET +flag. +.It Fl u +Unshare the UTS IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a +private copy of the UTS namespace which is not shared with any other +process. This flag has the same effect as the +.Xr clone 2 +.Dv CLONE_NEWUTS +flag. +.It Fl p Create the process in a new PID namespace. This flag has the same -effect as the \fBclone(2) CLONE_NEWPID\fR flag. -.TP -\fB-U\fR +effect as the +.Xr clone 2 +.Dv CLONE_NEWPID +flag. +.It Fl U The process will have a distinct set of UIDs, GIDs and capabilities. -.SH SEE ALSO -clone(2), unshare(2) +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr clone 2 , +.Xr unshare 2 diff --git a/uptime.1 b/uptime.1 @@ -1,12 +1,16 @@ -.TH UPTIME 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBuptime\fR - Tell how long the system has been running -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBuptime\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBuptime\fR gives a one line display of the following information. -The current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are -currently logged on and the system load averages for the past 1, 5 and -15 minutes. -.SH SEE ALSO -ps(1), utmp(5) +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt UPTIME 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm uptime +.Nd tell how long the system has been running +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +gives a one line display of the following information. The current time, how +long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on and +the system load averages for the past 1, 5 and 15 minutes. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr ps 1 , +.Xr utmp 5 diff --git a/vtallow.1 b/vtallow.1 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .Dd December 5, 2014 -.Dt VTALLOW 1 ubase\-VERSION -.Os +.Dt VTALLOW 1 +.Os ubase .Sh NAME .Nm vtallow .Nd enable or disable the VT switch @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm controls the VT switch lock. -.Pp .Sh OPTIONS .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Ar n diff --git a/watch.1 b/watch.1 @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -.TH WATCH 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBwatch\fR - Execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBwatch\fR [\fB-t\fR] [\fB-n\fI interval\fR] \fIcommand\fR -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBwatch\fR runs \fIcommand\fR repeatedly, displaying its output one -screenfull at a time. This allows you to watch the program output change -over time. By default the program is run every 2 seconds and will run -until terminated. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-t\fR -Turn off the header showing the interval, command and current -time at the top of the display, as well as the following blank line. This -is the default action. -.TP -\fB-n\fR +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt WATCH 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm watch +.Nd execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl n Ar interval +.Op Fl t +.Ar command +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +runs +.Ar command +repeatedly, displaying its output one screenfull at a time. This allows you +to watch the program output change over time. By default the program is run +every 2 seconds and will run until terminated. +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl n Ar interval Specify the update interval. +.It Fl t +Turn off the header showing the interval, command and current time at the top +of the display, as well as the following blank line. This is the default +action. +.El diff --git a/who.1 b/who.1 @@ -1,21 +1,28 @@ -.TH WHO 1 ubase-VERSION -.SH NAME -\fBwho\fR - Print who has logged on -.SH SYNOPSIS -\fBwho\fR [\fB-ml\fR] -.SH DESCRIPTION -\fBwho\fR prints a list of who has logged on, their controlling tty, and the +.Dd February 2, 2015 +.Dt WHO 1 +.Os ubase +.Sh NAME +.Nm who +.Nd print who has logged on +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl lm +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +prints a list of who has logged on, their controlling tty, and the time at which they logged on. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -\fB-m\fR -Only show users on current tty. -.TP -\fB-l\fR +.Sh OPTIONS +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl l Print LOGIN processes as well. -.SH BUGS -\fBwho\fR relies on the utmp file to be updated responsibly. This -doesn't always happen, which can cause who to print completely -bogus data. -.SH SEE ALSO -utmp(5) +.It Fl m +Only show users on current tty. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr utmp 5 +.Sh BUGS +.Nm +relies on the utmp file to be updated responsibly. This +doesn't always happen, which can cause +.Nm +to print completely bogus data.