lel

commit 0bcb47ab3451309490d3f4a856b755ea43ff282e
Author: Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo@codemadness.org>
Date:   Fri,  1 Aug 2014 22:33:45 +0000

initial repo

Signed-off-by: Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo@codemadness.org>

Diffstat:
A
.gitignore
 | 
2
++
A
LICENSE
 | 
21
+++++++++++++++++++++
A
Makefile
 | 
45
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
README
 | 
41
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
TODO
 | 
25
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
arg.h
 | 
63
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
config.mk
 | 
27
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
lel-open
 | 
20
++++++++++++++++++++
A
lel.1
 | 
9
+++++++++
A
lel.c
 | 
509
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

10 files changed, 762 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+lel
+*.o
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT/X Consortium License
+
+(c) 2014 Hiltjo Posthuma <hiltjo@codemadness.org>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+include config.mk
+
+NAME = lel
+SRC = lel.c
+OBJ = ${SRC:.c=.o}
+
+all: lel
+
+options:
+	@echo ${NAME} build options:
+	@echo "CFLAGS   = ${CFLAGS}"
+	@echo "LDFLAGS  = ${LDFLAGS}"
+	@echo "CC       = ${CC}"
+
+.c.o:
+	${CC} -c ${CFLAGS} $<
+
+${OBJ}: config.mk
+
+lel: lel.o
+	${CC} -o $@ lel.o ${LDFLAGS}
+
+clean:
+	rm -f lel ${OBJ}
+
+install: all
+	@echo installing executable file to ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
+	@mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
+	@cp -f lel ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
+	@cp -f lel-open ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
+	@chmod 755 ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/lel
+	@chmod 755 ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/lel-open
+	@echo installing manual pages to ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
+	@mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
+	@cp -f lel.1 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
+	@chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/lel.1
+
+uninstall:
+	@echo removing executable file from ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
+	@rm -f ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/lel
+	@rm -f ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/lel-open
+	@echo removing manual pages from ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
+	@rm -f ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/lel.1
+
+.PHONY: all options clean dist install uninstall
diff --git a/README b/README
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+lel - simple X11 image viewer
+=============================
+
+lel is a simple X11 image viewer. It reads image data (in the "imagefile"
+format from stdout) and displays it in a X11 window.
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- view modes:
+  - original image size.
+  - stretch image to window, keep aspect ratio.
+  - stretch image to window, don't keep aspect ratio.
+- keybinds
+- zooming
+- panning
+
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+
+- libX11
+
+
+Optional (run-time) dependencies
+--------------------------------
+- imagefile: http://git.2f30.org/imagefile/
+
+
+Compile:
+--------
+
+$ make
+# make install
+
+
+Known issues:
+-------------
+
+See TODO file.
diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[ ] bugs:
+	[ ] alpha mask with png2if | lel is always black?
+	[ ] resizing slow (might be a dwm issue).
+[ ] use XSHM again?
+[ ] enter key or some other key should print the current filename to stdout.
+[ ] for pictures which use an alpha mask use a checked pattern, similar to:
+    http://www.modejong.com/blog/Media/Ghost_TransparentBG_400x300.jpg
+[ ] support multiple filenames as arguments, use hotkeys to switch image.
+[ ] zooming
+	[ ] improve performance (cull only the visible part?), use XGetImage() ?
+	[ ] improve zoomfact "steps".
+[ ] mouse support.
+	[ ] mouse move panning.
+	[x] mouse scroll zooming.
+[ ] scale
+	[ ] use XPutPixel for byte-order safety ?
+[ ] improve README.
+[ ] write man page.
+	[ ] lel.1
+	[ ] lel-open.1
+[?] improve key lookup code.
+[?] project name change.
+[?] add support for more color depths (< 24).
+[?] add command mode or shell support for viewing
+    images in a directory (output key to stdout might be enough?).
diff --git a/arg.h b/arg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copy me if you can.
+ * by 20h
+ */
+
+#ifndef ARG_H__
+#define ARG_H__
+
+extern char *argv0;
+
+/* use main(int argc, char *argv[]) */
+#define ARGBEGIN	for (argv0 = *argv, argv++, argc--;\
+					argv[0] && argv[0][1]\
+					&& argv[0][0] == '-';\
+					argc--, argv++) {\
+				char argc_;\
+				char **argv_;\
+				int brk_;\
+				if (argv[0][1] == '-' && argv[0][2] == '\0') {\
+					argv++;\
+					argc--;\
+					break;\
+				}\
+				for (brk_ = 0, argv[0]++, argv_ = argv;\
+						argv[0][0] && !brk_;\
+						argv[0]++) {\
+					if (argv_ != argv)\
+						break;\
+					argc_ = argv[0][0];\
+					switch (argc_)
+
+/* Handles obsolete -NUM syntax */
+#define ARGNUM				case '0':\
+					case '1':\
+					case '2':\
+					case '3':\
+					case '4':\
+					case '5':\
+					case '6':\
+					case '7':\
+					case '8':\
+					case '9'
+
+#define ARGEND			}\
+			}
+
+#define ARGC()		argc_
+
+#define ARGNUMF(base)	(brk_ = 1, estrtol(argv[0], (base)))
+
+#define EARGF(x)	((argv[0][1] == '\0' && argv[1] == NULL)?\
+				((x), abort(), (char *)0) :\
+				(brk_ = 1, (argv[0][1] != '\0')?\
+					(&argv[0][1]) :\
+					(argc--, argv++, argv[0])))
+
+#define ARGF()		((argv[0][1] == '\0' && argv[1] == NULL)?\
+				(char *)0 :\
+				(brk_ = 1, (argv[0][1] != '\0')?\
+					(&argv[0][1]) :\
+					(argc--, argv++, argv[0])))
+
+#endif
diff --git a/config.mk b/config.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+VERSION = 0.1
+
+# customize below to fit your system
+
+# paths
+PREFIX = /usr/local
+MANPREFIX = ${PREFIX}/share/man
+
+# includes and libs
+INCS =
+LIBS = -lc -lX11
+
+# debug
+CFLAGS = -O0 -g -std=c99 -Wall -pedantic -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\"
+LDFLAGS = ${LIBS}
+
+# optimized
+#CFLAGS = -O2 -std=c99 -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\"
+#LDFLAGS = -s ${LIBS}
+
+# tcc
+#CC = tcc
+#CFLAGS = -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\"
+#LDFLAGS = -s ${LIBS}
+
+# compiler and linker
+CC = cc
diff --git a/lel-open b/lel-open
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+filename="$1"
+shift
+ext=$(basename "$filename" | grep -o '\..[^\.]*$')
+
+if test x"$ext" = x".jpg"; then
+	convert="jpg2if"
+elif test x"$ext" = x".png"; then
+	convert="png2if"
+elif test x"$ext" = x".gif"; then
+	convert="gif2if"
+elif test x"$ext" = x".if"; then
+	convert="cat"
+else
+	echo "unknown extension \"$ext\"" >&2
+fi
+
+if test x"$convert" != x""; then
+	"$convert" < "$filename" | lel -t "$filename" "$@"
+fi
diff --git a/lel.1 b/lel.1
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH LEL 1 lel\-0.1
+.SH NAME
+lel \- simple X11 image viewer
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lel
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+View an "imagefile" image.
+.SH BUGS
+Please report them!
diff --git a/lel.c b/lel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <X11/keysym.h>
+
+#include "arg.h"
+char *argv0;
+
+#define APP_NAME "lel"
+#define HEADER_FORMAT "imagefile########"
+
+/* Image status flags. */
+enum { NONE = 0, LOADED = 1, SCALED = 2, DRAWN = 4 };
+/* View mode. */
+enum { ASPECT = 0, FULL_ASPECT, FULL_STRETCH };
+
+static int viewmode = ASPECT;
+static char *wintitle = APP_NAME;
+static XImage *ximg = NULL;
+static Drawable xpix = 0;
+static Display *dpy = NULL;
+static Window win;
+static GC gc;
+static int screen, xfd;
+static int running = 1;
+static int imgstate = NONE;
+static int imgwidth, imgheight;
+static uint8_t *imgbuf;
+static int winx, winy, winwidth = 320, winheight = 240;
+static int panxoffset = 0, panyoffset = 0;
+static float zoomfact = 1.0, zoominc = 0.25;
+
+void
+die(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if(fmt[0] && fmt[strlen(fmt)-1] == ':') {
+		fputc(' ', stderr);
+		perror(NULL);
+	}
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+void
+usage(void)
+{
+	die("%s", APP_NAME " " VERSION " - (c) 2014 " APP_NAME " engineers\n\n"
+	      "usage: " APP_NAME "[OPTIONS...] [FILE]\n"
+	      "    -a            Full window, keep aspect ratio\n"
+	      "    -f            Full window, stretch (no aspect)\n"
+	      "    -w <w>        Window width\n"
+	      "    -h <h>        Window height\n"
+	      "    -x <x>        Window x position\n"
+	      "    -y <y>        Window y position\n"
+	      "    -t <title>    Use title\n"
+	      "    -v            Print version and exit\n");
+}
+
+int
+if_open(FILE *f)
+{
+	uint8_t hdr[17];
+
+	if (fread(hdr, 1, strlen(HEADER_FORMAT), f) != strlen(HEADER_FORMAT))
+		return -1;
+
+	if(memcmp(hdr, "imagefile", 9))
+		return -1;
+
+	imgwidth = ntohl((hdr[9] << 0) | (hdr[10] << 8) | (hdr[11] << 16) | (hdr[12] << 24));
+	imgheight = ntohl((hdr[13] << 0) | (hdr[14] << 8) | (hdr[15] << 16) | (hdr[16] << 24));
+	if(imgwidth <= 0 || imgheight <= 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+if_read(FILE *f)
+{
+	int i, j, off, row_len;
+	uint8_t *row;
+
+	row_len = imgwidth * strlen("RGBA");
+	if(!(row = malloc(row_len)))
+		return 1;
+
+	for(off = 0, i = 0; i < imgheight; ++i) {
+		if(fread(row, 1, (size_t)row_len, f) != (size_t)row_len) {
+			free(row);
+			die("unexpected EOF or row-skew at %d\n", i);
+		}
+		for(j = 0; j < row_len; j += 4, off += 4) {
+			imgbuf[off] = row[j];
+			imgbuf[off + 1] = row[j + 1];
+			imgbuf[off + 2] = row[j + 2];
+			imgbuf[off + 3] = row[j + 3];
+		}
+	}
+	free(row);
+
+	imgstate |= LOADED;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* NOTE: will be removed later, for debugging alpha mask */
+#if 0
+void
+normalsize(char *newbuf)
+{
+	unsigned int x, y, soff = 0, doff = 0;
+
+	for(y = 0; y < imgheight; y++) {
+		for(x = 0; x < imgwidth; x++, soff += 4, doff += 4) {
+			newbuf[doff+0] = imgbuf[soff+2];
+			newbuf[doff+1] = imgbuf[soff+1];
+			newbuf[doff+2] = imgbuf[soff+0];
+			newbuf[doff+3] = imgbuf[soff+3];
+		}
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+/* scales imgbuf data to newbuf (ximg->data), nearest neighbour. */
+void
+scale(unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int bytesperline,
+	char *newbuf)
+{
+	unsigned char *ibuf;
+	unsigned int jdy, dx, bufx, x, y;
+
+	jdy = bytesperline / 4 - width;
+	dx = (imgwidth << 10) / width;
+	for(y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+		bufx = imgwidth / width;
+		ibuf = &imgbuf[y * imgheight / height * imgwidth * 4];
+
+		for(x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+			*newbuf++ = (ibuf[(bufx >> 10)*4+2]);
+			*newbuf++ = (ibuf[(bufx >> 10)*4+1]);
+			*newbuf++ = (ibuf[(bufx >> 10)*4+0]);
+			newbuf++;
+			bufx += dx;
+		}
+		newbuf += jdy;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+ximage(unsigned int newwidth, unsigned int newheight)
+{
+	int depth;
+
+	/* destroy previous image */
+	if(ximg) {
+		XDestroyImage(ximg);
+		ximg = NULL;
+	}
+	depth = DefaultDepth(dpy, screen);
+	if(depth >= 24) {
+		if(xpix)
+			XFreePixmap(dpy, xpix);
+		xpix = XCreatePixmap(dpy, win, winwidth, winheight, depth);
+		ximg = XCreateImage(dpy, CopyFromParent, depth,	ZPixmap, 0,
+		                    NULL, newwidth, newheight, 32, 0);
+		ximg->data = malloc(ximg->bytes_per_line * ximg->height);
+		scale(ximg->width, ximg->height, ximg->bytes_per_line, ximg->data);
+		XInitImage(ximg);
+	} else {
+		die("This program does not yet support display depths < 24.\n");
+	}
+}
+
+void
+scaleview(void)
+{
+	switch(viewmode) {
+	case FULL_STRETCH:
+		ximage(winwidth, winheight);
+		break;
+	case FULL_ASPECT:
+		if(winwidth * imgheight > winheight * imgwidth)
+			ximage(imgwidth * winheight / imgheight, winheight);
+		else
+			ximage(winwidth, imgheight * winwidth / imgwidth);
+		break;
+	case ASPECT:
+	default:
+		ximage(imgwidth * zoomfact, imgheight * zoomfact);
+		break;
+	}
+	imgstate |= SCALED;
+}
+
+void
+draw(void)
+{
+	int xoffset = 0, yoffset = 0;
+
+	if(viewmode != FULL_STRETCH) {
+		/* center vertical, horizontal */
+		xoffset = (winwidth - ximg->width) / 2;
+		yoffset = (winheight - ximg->height) / 2;
+		/* pan offset */
+		xoffset -= panxoffset;
+		yoffset -= panyoffset;
+	}
+	XSetForeground(dpy, gc, BlackPixel(dpy, 0));
+	XFillRectangle(dpy, xpix, gc, 0, 0, winwidth, winheight);
+	XPutImage(dpy, xpix, gc, ximg, 0, 0, xoffset, yoffset, ximg->width, ximg->height);
+	XCopyArea(dpy, xpix, win, gc, 0, 0, winwidth, winheight, 0, 0);
+
+	XFlush(dpy);
+	imgstate |= DRAWN;
+}
+
+void
+update(void)
+{
+	if(!(imgstate & LOADED))
+		return;
+	if(!(imgstate & SCALED))
+		scaleview();
+	if(!(imgstate & DRAWN))
+		draw();
+}
+
+void
+setview(int mode)
+{
+	if(viewmode == mode)
+		return;
+	viewmode = mode;
+	imgstate &= ~(DRAWN | SCALED);
+	update();
+}
+
+void
+pan(int x, int y)
+{
+	panxoffset -= x;
+	panyoffset -= y;
+	imgstate &= ~(DRAWN | SCALED);
+	update();
+}
+
+void
+inczoom(float f)
+{
+	if((zoomfact + f) <= 0)
+		return;
+	zoomfact += f;
+	imgstate &= ~(DRAWN | SCALED);
+	update();
+}
+
+void
+zoom(float f)
+{
+	if(f == zoomfact)
+		return;
+	zoomfact = f;
+	imgstate &= ~(DRAWN | SCALED);
+	update();
+}
+
+void
+buttonpress(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	switch(ev->xbutton.button) {
+	case Button4:
+		inczoom(zoominc);
+		break;
+	case Button5:
+		inczoom(-zoominc);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+keypress(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	KeySym key;
+
+	key = XLookupKeysym(&ev->xkey, 0);
+	switch(key) {
+	case XK_Escape:
+	case XK_q:
+		running = 0;
+		break;
+	case XK_Left:
+	case XK_h:
+		pan(winwidth / 20, 0);
+		break;
+	case XK_Down:
+	case XK_j:
+		pan(0, -(winheight / 20));
+		break;
+	case XK_Up:
+	case XK_k:
+		pan(0, winheight / 20);
+		break;
+	case XK_Right:
+	case XK_l:
+		pan(-(winwidth / 20), 0);
+		break;
+	case XK_a:
+		setview(FULL_ASPECT);
+		break;
+	case XK_o:
+		setview(ASPECT);
+		break;
+	case XK_f:
+		setview(FULL_STRETCH);
+		break;
+	case XK_KP_Add:
+	case XK_equal:
+	case XK_plus:
+		inczoom(zoominc);
+		break;
+	case XK_KP_Subtract:
+	case XK_underscore:
+	case XK_minus:
+		inczoom(-zoominc);
+		break;
+	case XK_3:
+		zoom(4.0);
+		break;
+	case XK_2:
+		zoom(2.0);
+		break;
+	case XK_1:
+		zoom(1.0);
+		break;
+	case XK_0:
+		zoom(1.0);
+		setview(ASPECT); /* fallthrough */
+	case XK_r:
+		panxoffset = 0;
+		panyoffset = 0;
+		imgstate &= ~(DRAWN | SCALED);
+		update();
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+handleevent(XEvent *ev)
+{
+	XWindowAttributes attr;
+
+	switch(ev->type) {
+	case MapNotify:
+		if (!winwidth || !winheight) {
+			XGetWindowAttributes(ev->xmap.display, ev->xmap.window, &attr);
+			winwidth = attr.width;
+			winheight = attr.height;
+		}
+		break;
+	case ConfigureNotify:
+		if(winwidth != ev->xconfigure.width || winheight != ev->xconfigure.height) {
+			winwidth = ev->xconfigure.width;
+			winheight = ev->xconfigure.height;
+			imgstate &= ~(SCALED);
+		}
+		break;
+	case Expose:
+		imgstate &= ~(DRAWN);
+		update();
+		break;
+	case KeyPress:
+		keypress(ev);
+		break;
+	case ButtonPress:
+		buttonpress(ev);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+setup(void)
+{
+	XClassHint class = { APP_NAME, APP_NAME };
+
+	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
+		die("Can't open X display.\n");
+	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
+	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
+
+	win = XCreateWindow(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), winx, winy, winwidth, winheight, 0,
+	                    DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), InputOutput,
+	                    CopyFromParent, 0, NULL);
+	gc = XCreateGC(dpy, win, 0, NULL);
+
+	XStoreName(dpy, win, wintitle);
+	XSelectInput(dpy, win, StructureNotifyMask | ExposureMask | KeyPressMask |
+	                       ButtonPressMask);
+	XMapRaised(dpy, win);
+	XSetWMProperties(dpy, win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &class);
+	XFlush(dpy);
+}
+
+void
+run(void)
+{
+	XEvent ev;
+
+	while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
+		handleevent(&ev);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	char *filename = "";
+	FILE *fp = NULL;
+	int tflag = 0;
+	int wflag = 0;
+	int hflag = 0;
+
+	ARGBEGIN {
+	case 'a':
+		viewmode = FULL_ASPECT;
+		break;
+	case 'f':
+		viewmode = FULL_STRETCH;
+		break;
+	case 'h':
+		hflag = 1;
+		if(!(winheight = atoi(EARGF(usage()))))
+			usage();
+		break;
+	case 't':
+		wintitle = EARGF(usage());
+		tflag = 1;
+		break;
+	case 'w':
+		wflag = 1;
+		if(!(winwidth = atoi(EARGF(usage()))))
+			usage();
+		break;
+	case 'x':
+		winx = atoi(EARGF(usage()));
+		break;
+	case 'y':
+		winy = atoi(EARGF(usage()));
+		break;
+	default:
+		usage();
+		break;
+	} ARGEND;
+
+	if(argc >= 1) {
+		filename = argv[0];
+		if(!(fp = fopen(filename, "rb"))) {
+			die("can't read %s:", filename);
+			return EXIT_FAILURE;
+		}
+	} else {
+		filename = "<stdin>";
+		fp = stdin;
+	}
+	if(!tflag)
+		wintitle = filename;
+
+	if(if_open(fp))
+		die("can't open image (invalid format?)\n");
+	if(!(imgbuf = malloc((imgwidth) * (imgheight) * 4)))
+		die("can't malloc\n");
+	if_read(fp);
+
+	if(!wflag)
+		winwidth = imgwidth;
+	if(!hflag)
+		winheight = imgheight;
+
+	setup();
+	run();
+
+	if(fp && fp != stdin)
+		fclose(fp);
+
+	free(imgbuf);
+
+	if(ximg)
+		XDestroyImage(ximg);
+	if(xpix)
+		XFreePixmap(dpy, xpix);
+	if(dpy)
+		XCloseDisplay(dpy);
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}