ps.1b (12066B)
1 '\" t 2 .\" Sccsid @(#)ps.1b 1.19 (gritter) 9/5/05 3 .\" Parts taken from ps(1), Unix 7th edition: 4 .\" Copyright(C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved. 5 .\" 6 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8 .\" are met: 9 .\" Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the 10 .\" above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following 11 .\" disclaimer. 12 .\" Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 .\" All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16 .\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17 .\" This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera 18 .\" International, Inc. 19 .\" Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc. nor the names of 20 .\" other contributors may be used to endorse or promote products 21 .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 22 .\" 23 .\" USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA 24 .\" INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 25 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 26 .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE 28 .\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 29 .\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 30 .\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR 31 .\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 32 .\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE 33 .\" OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, 34 .\" EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 35 .\" 36 .\" Parts taken from ps(1), 4.3BSD: 37 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 38 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 39 .\" 40 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 41 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 42 .\" are met: 43 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 44 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 45 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 46 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 47 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 48 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 49 .\" must display the following acknowledgement: 50 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of 51 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 52 .\" This product includes software developed by Gunnar Ritter 53 .\" and his contributors. 54 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 55 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 56 .\" without specific prior written permission. 57 .\" 58 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS '\fIAS IS\fR' AND 59 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 60 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 61 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 62 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 63 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 64 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 65 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 66 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 67 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 68 .\" SUCH DAMAGE. 69 .TH PS 1B "9/5/05" "Heirloom Toolchest" "BSD System Compatibility" 70 .SH NAME 71 ps \- (BSD) process status 72 .SH SYNOPSIS 73 .HP 74 .ad l 75 .nh 76 \fB/usr/ucb/ps\fR 77 [\-\fBaAcglnrSuvwx\fR] 78 [\fB\-o\fI property\fR[\fB=\fR[\fItitle\fR]], ...\fR]\ ... 79 [\fB\-GptU\fI\ criteria\fR, ...]\ ... 80 [\fIpid\fR] 81 .br 82 .hy 1 83 .ad b 84 .SH DESCRIPTION 85 .B Ps 86 prints certain indicia about active processes. 87 If no options are specified, 88 all processes on the current terminal 89 that are owned by the invoking user 90 and are not session leaders 91 are selected. 92 Specifying 93 .B \-a 94 selects other users' processes; 95 specifying 96 .B \-x 97 selects processes without controlling terminals. 98 The selection can further be changed 99 by adding 100 .I criteria 101 with the options below; 102 when a process satifies any criterion, 103 it is selected. 104 A 105 .I criteria 106 string can consist 107 of multiple criteria 108 separated by blanks or commas. 109 If the 110 .I pid 111 argument is present, 112 output is restriced to the selected process. 113 .PP 114 By default, 115 .B ps 116 prints the process id, 117 controlling terminal device, 118 process status, 119 cumulative execution time 120 and command of processes. 121 .PP 122 The 123 .B ps 124 command accepts the following options: 125 .TP 12 126 .B \-a 127 Selects all processes with a controlling terminal device 128 (including session leaders). 129 .TP 12 130 .B \-c 131 Prints the command name, 132 as stored internally in the system for purposes of accounting, 133 rather than the command arguments, 134 which are kept in the process' address space. 135 This is more reliable, if less informative, 136 since the process is free to destroy the latter information. 137 .TP 12 138 .B \-g 139 Includes session leaders in the output. 140 Without this option, 141 .B ps 142 only prints ``interesting'' processes. 143 Processes are deemed to be uninteresting 144 if they are session leaders. 145 This normally eliminates top-level command interpreters 146 and processes waiting for users to login on free terminals. 147 .TP 12 148 .B \-l 149 Long listing; 150 adds process flags, 151 numeric user id, 152 parent process id, cpu usage, 153 priority, nice value, 154 memory and resident set size in pages and the event waited for. 155 See below for the meaning of columns. 156 .TP 12 157 .B \-n 158 For a user listing as selected with 159 .BR \-u , 160 print the numeric user ID instead of the user name. 161 .TP 12 162 .B \-r 163 Causes only running processes to be printed. 164 .TP 12 165 .B \-S 166 Includes the time used by children that have been waited for. 167 .TP 12 168 \fB\-t\fI device\fR 169 Selects all processes with the current terminal 170 .IR device . 171 This may be the device name with either 172 .B /dev/ 173 or 174 .B /dev/tty 175 omitted, 176 as in 177 .I ttyS2 178 or 179 .I S2 180 for 181 .IR /dev/ttyS2 . 182 Giving 183 .B ? 184 as a device name selects processes with no controlling terminal. 185 .TP 12 186 .B \-u 187 A user oriented output is produced; adds user name, 188 processor usage, memory and resident set size, 189 and the time when the process was started. 190 .TP 12 191 .B \-v 192 A version of the output 193 containing virtual memory statistics is output; 194 adds memory and resident set size. 195 .TP 12 196 .B \-w 197 Increase output width. 198 The default width of 80 columns 199 is set to 132 if this option is given once; 200 if given more than once, 201 the output width is unlimited. 202 .TP 12 203 .B \-x 204 Include processes that have no controlling terminal. 205 .PP 206 The following options have been introduced by POSIX.2: 207 .TP 12 208 .B \-A 209 Selects all processes. 210 .TP 12 211 \fB\-G\fI gidlist\fR 212 Selects all processes that have one of the specified real \fIgroup ids\fR, 213 which may be symbolic or numeric. 214 .TP 12 215 \fB\-o\fI property\fR[\fB=\fR[\fItitle\fR]],... 216 The output is changed to reflect the named 217 .IR property . 218 Multiple properties can be given, 219 separated by blanks or commas; 220 it is also possible to specify multiple 221 .B \-o 222 options. 223 Normally, the default property description is 224 written in the first output line. 225 If the 226 .B = 227 character is present, but the 228 .I title 229 is missing in all format specifications, 230 no descriptions are printed; 231 if a 232 .I title 233 is given, it is used instead of the default. 234 See below for valid 235 .I property 236 strings. 237 .TP 12 238 \fB\-p\fI pidlist\fR 239 Selects all processes with one of the given \fIprocess ids\fR. 240 .TP 12 241 \fB\-U\fI uidlist\fR 242 Selects all processes with one of the given real \fIuser ids\fR, 243 which may be symbolic or numeric. 244 .PP 245 The meaning of columns and column headings 246 are as follows: 247 .PP 248 .TS 249 l2 l s s 250 l2 l2 l4 l. 251 F T{ 252 Flags associated with the process 253 (octal and additive): 254 T} 255 01 in core; 256 02 system process; 257 04 T{ 258 locked in core (e.g. for physical I/O); 259 T} 260 10 being swapped; 261 20 being traced by another process. 262 .T& 263 l2 l s s 264 l2 l2 l4 l. 265 S The state of the process: 266 R running; 267 S sleeping; 268 I intermediate; 269 Z terminated; 270 T stopped; 271 X allocating memory. 272 .T& 273 l2 l s s. 274 UID T{ 275 The effective user ID of the process owner. 276 T} 277 USER T{ 278 The name of the process owner, 279 based on the effective user ID. 280 T} 281 PID T{ 282 The process id of the process; 283 as in certain cults 284 it is possible to kill a process 285 if you know its true name. 286 T} 287 PPID The process ID of the parent process. 288 CP Processor utilization for scheduling. 289 PRI T{ 290 Priority. 291 High numbers mean low priority. 292 T} 293 NI Nice value, used in priority computation. 294 ADDR The core address of the process. 295 RSS T{ 296 The amount of memory in pages 297 currently present in core. 298 T} 299 SZ T{ 300 The size in pages of the core image of the process. 301 T} 302 WCHAN T{ 303 The event for which the process is waiting or sleeping; 304 if blank, the process is running. 305 T} 306 .\" Trailing no-break-spaces guarantee a minimum table width for nroff 307 .\" without restricting troff to select the same. 308 START The time when the process was started.\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 309 TT T{ 310 The controlling tty for the process. 311 T} 312 TIME T{ 313 The cumulative execution time for the process, 314 including its terminated children if \fB\-S\fR is present. 315 T} 316 COMMAND T{ 317 The command line; 318 with the \fB\-c\fR option, 319 the command name. 320 T} 321 .TE 322 .PP 323 A process that has exited and has a parent, 324 but has not yet been waited for by the parent 325 is marked 326 .IR <defunct> . 327 .PP 328 For the 329 .B \-o 330 option, the following properties 331 (listed with their default column headings) 332 can be given: 333 .PP 334 .TS 335 l2fB l2 l. 336 user USER Effective user name. 337 ruser RUSER Real user name. 338 group GROUP Effective group name. 339 rgroup RGROUP Real group name. 340 pid PID Process id. 341 ppid PPID Parent process id. 342 pgid PGID Process group id. 343 sid SID Session id. 344 class CLASS Scheduling class. 345 pcpu %CPU Processor usage in percent. 346 vsz VSZ Memory usage in kilobytes. 347 nice NI Nice value. 348 etime ELAPSED Time elapsed since the process was started. 349 time TIME Cumulative execution time. 350 tty TTY Controlling terminal device. 351 comm COMMAND The first command line argument. 352 args COMMAND Command line arguments separated by spaces. 353 f F Process flags. 354 s S Process state. 355 c C Processor utilization for scheduling. 356 uid UID Numeric effective user id. 357 ruid RUID Numeric real user id. 358 gid GID Numeric effective group id. 359 rgid RGID Numeric real group id. 360 pri PRI Priority; high numbers mean high priority. 361 opri PRI Priority; high numbers mean low priority. 362 psr PSR Processor. 363 addr ADDR Core address. 364 osz SZ Memory size in pages. 365 wchan WCHAN Event for which the process is waiting. 366 stime STIME Start time of the process. 367 rss RSS Resident set size in kilobytes. 368 pmem %MEM Memory usage in percent. 369 fname COMMAND T{ 370 .ad l 371 .nr ol \n(.l 372 .ll 39n 373 The first 16 characters of the executable file for the process. 374 .br 375 .ll \n(olu 376 .ad b 377 T} 378 .TE 379 .PP 380 For those properties that correspond to user or group names, 381 the numeric id is printed 382 if the name does not fit into the column width. 383 .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" 384 .TP 385 .B COLUMNS 386 Overrides the default output width. 387 .TP 388 .BR LANG ", " LC_ALL 389 See 390 .IR locale (7). 391 .TP 392 .B LC_CTYPE 393 Determines the set of printable characters 394 and the character width. 395 Non-printable characters in arguments and file names 396 are dropped if writing to a terminal. 397 .TP 398 .B LC_TIME 399 Affects the format of date and time strings printed. 400 .SH FILES 401 .TP 402 .B /etc/passwd 403 Used for converting numeric and symbolic user ids. 404 .TP 405 .B /etc/group 406 Used for converting numeric and symbolic group ids. 407 .TP 408 .B /etc/default/ps 409 .TP 410 .B /proc/ 411 .TP 412 .B /dev/ 413 .SH "SEE ALSO" 414 nice(1), 415 priocntl(1), 416 kill(1), 417 proc(5), 418 locale(7) 419 .SH NOTES 420 Things can change while ps is running; 421 the picture it gives is only a close approximation to reality.